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Biology; Cell Organelle and Cell Transport Quiz

Multiple Choice; Worth 1 pt each. 
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Both Schwann and Virchow developed important theories about cells in the mid 1800s. Which best explains the reason these theories were made within a few years of each other?
a.
Hooke’s Micrographia inspired both theories.
b.
New microscopes provided better viewing of cells.
c.
Scientists invented the microscope in the mid 1800s.
d.
The electron microscope was used for the first time.
 

 2. 
What did scientists observe using the earliest microscopes.
a.
atoms
c.
molecules
b.
cell parts
d.
tiny organisms
 

 3. 
An electron microscope can magnify an object about 500,000 times. How does this magnification compare with the magnification of a compound light microscope?
a.
500 times lower
c.
100 times higher
b.
100 times lower
d.
500 times higher
 

 4. 
What major improvement came with the development of the scanning electron microscope?
a.
Magnets were replaced with lighter materials.
b.
It produced images with better color.
c.
The magnification was higher.
d.
The images were three dimensional.
 

 5. 
Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?
a.
All cells have a plasma membrane.
b.
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
c.
Living organisms are composed of cells.
d.
The genetic material in cells is DNA.
 

 6. 
In what decade did the cell theory become an accepted part of biology?
a.
1620s
c.
1940s
b.
1850s
d.
1980s
 

 7. 
Which statement is true about bacterial cells?
a.
The cells are very large.
c.
They are eukaryotes.
b.
The cells have no nucleus.
d.
They have organelles.
 

 8. 
Which is present only in eukaryotic cells?
a.
cell membrane
c.
DNA
b.
chromosomes
d.
nucleus
 

 9. 
Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?
a.
carbohydrate chain
c.
membrane protein
b.
cholesterol
d.
transport protein
 

 10. 
Which organelle converts sugars into energy?
a.
lysosome
c.
nucleus
b.
mitochondrion
d.
ribosome
 

 11. 
Cilia and flagella are used to move cells through watery environments. What role do these cell parts play on stationary cells?
a.
They hold neighboring cells in a fixed position.
b.
They move substances along the surface of the cell.
c.
They protect the cell by whipping at harmful cells.
d.
They transmit waste materials away from the cell.
 

 12. 
A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundred of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find?
a.
animal
c.
plant
b.
bacteria
d.
He did not have enough information.
 

 13. 
Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals?
a.
golgi apparatus
c.
mitochondria
b.
lysosomes
d.
ribosomes
 

 14. 
At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?
a.
when the movement of the molecules stops being random
b.
when the molecules are mixed and stop moving
c.
when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half
d.
when there is continuous movement but no change
 

 15. 
What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
a.
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient.
b.
Active transport uses proteins in the process.
c.
Facilitated diffusion moves molecules through the plasma membrane.
d.
Facilitated diffusion requires large amounts of energy.
 

 16. 
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
a.
It will swell.
c.
It will stay the same.
b.
It will shrink.
d.
It will wilt.
 

 17. 
What types of materials are expelled from cells during exocytosis?
a.
large molecules such as hormones
b.
positive and negative ions
c.
small molecules such as carbon dioxide
d.
water and glycerol
 

 18. 
Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
a.
endocytosis
c.
facilitated diffusion
b.
exocytosis
d.
Na+/K+ ATPase pump
 

Short Answer; Worth 2 pts each.  Support your answer with reasoning gained from this chapter’s content.
 

 1. 
What structures are contained in eukaryotic cells that are not present in prokaryotic cells? What is the function for each of these structures?
 

 2. 
What problems might a cell develop if its plasma membrane did not have selective permeability?
 

 3. 
Why does active transport require more energy than osmosis or facilitated diffusion?
 

 4. 
The blood of animals provides an isotonic solution for the cells to be in. What does this tell you about the composition of animal blood?
 

 5. 
Use principles of osmosis to explain what happens when a plant wilts.
 

 6. 
Compare and contrast exocytosis and endocytosis.
 

Essay; PICK 2 to answer.  4pts extra credit each.  Write in complete sentences for full credit.
 

 1. 
Explain how the invention of the microscope supports this statement: The ability to understand a fact of nature is limited by our ability to observe it.
 

 2. 
Doctors recently observed that some long-distance runners were drinking too much water before and during a race. The excess water was causing serious short-term medical problems for the runners. Use principles of water diffusion to explain how drinking too much water might be harmful to a runner.
 
 
In the 1890s, E. Overton performed experiments to determine the structure of the plasma membrane. After many years and various procedures, he determined that large, uncharged molecules enter a cell at a rate proportional to their solubility in lipids. This observation was the first indication that the plasma membrane is probably made up of lipids. Many scientists began to pursue the question of how the lipids were arranged.
In 1925, two Dutch scientists determined that the area covered by the lipids from a single red blood cell is twice the area of the surface of the cell. From this, they reasoned that the cell is covered by a double layer of lipid molecules. Based on this work, various scientists hypothesized that the membrane was like a "fat sandwich" with two outer layers of protein on the surface of the lipid layer.
None of the ideas seemed a satisfactory explanation until microscopic studies of membranes prepared by a new technique of "freeze-fracture" revealed that the proteins are actually embedded in the lipid layer. In 1972, on the basis on these results and other evidence, two American scientists proposed the fluid-mosaic model.
 

 3. 
What inference did the Dutch scientists make to reach their conclusion?
 



 
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